{"id":10238,"date":"2025-09-22T21:09:06","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T14:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phukienmattroi.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/22\/mo-hinh-tich-tru-nang-luong-tai-tao\/"},"modified":"2025-09-22T21:09:06","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T14:09:06","slug":"mo-hinh-tich-tru-nang-luong-tai-tao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/phukienmattroi.com\/index.php\/2025\/09\/22\/mo-hinh-tich-tru-nang-luong-tai-tao\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00edch tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

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H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BESS \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 “vi\u00ean pin kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3”, n\u1ea1p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, gi\u00f3… r\u1ed3i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n khi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

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M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems – H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng pin) ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n g\u1ed3m: t\u1ee7 pin lithium-ion, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin (BMS), b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t (inverter\/PCS), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng minh. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 BESS th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea1p – x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, gi\u00fap c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cung c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong 5 n\u0103m qua, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t 114,05 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2032.<\/p>\n

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D\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef BESS c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1edf California (M\u1ef9). \u1ea2nh: Mortenson<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u00f9y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tri\u1ec3n khai, BESS c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m si\u00eau l\u1edbn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m MW.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01a1n c\u1eed, t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 Powerwall, Sunrun hay Generac. Khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 pin lithium-ion dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng 10-15 kWh, k\u00e8m theo inverter, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng theo d\u00f5i tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ban ng\u00e0y, khi \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BESS s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ea7y pin. Bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00fac cao \u0111i\u1ec3m, pin s\u1ebd x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong nh\u00e0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng qua \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u1edd inverter, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang d\u00f2ng xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC), \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Moss Landing (California, M\u1ef9), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BESS s\u1ebd do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 Vistra Energy v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 750 MW\/3.000 MWh, Vistra Energy cung c\u1ea5p h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn module pin lithium-ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c container chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i k\u00e8m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Moss Landing d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n California Independent System Operator (CAISO). Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb BESS trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 cao \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Vistra Energy s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi CAISO. Ban ng\u00e0y, khi \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1t d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BESS s\u1ebd g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn CAISO. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, CAISO s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p BESS h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u trong pin.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i, khi nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m, BESS ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u1eedi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn CAISO. Nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n California Independent System Operator s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t trong BESS bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf pin chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng xoay chi\u1ec1u, x\u1ea3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1edbi CAISO \u1edf m\u1ee9c h\u01a1n 750 MW.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u “d\u01b0 th\u1eeba” hay “thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t” c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 CAISO cho ph\u00e9p n\u1ea1p – x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c qua c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng minh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BESS.<\/p>\n

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M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng BESS. \u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ecda: Th\u00e1i Anh<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e2ng t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t BESS l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 70 GW v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m nay, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n BESS quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c MW, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ea5p. GS.TS L\u00ea Minh Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch khoa, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cho bi\u1ebft, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m cao nh\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 inverter, b\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV charger), h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (BESS) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng minh b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

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Pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tuabin gi\u00f3 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf Kh\u00e1nh H\u00f2a. \u1ea2nh: Th\u00e1i Anh<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00d4ng K\u1ef3 Quang Minh, CTO c\u1ee7a SolarBK, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng BESS cho bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn dao \u0111\u1ed9ng 300-400 USD\/kWh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n v\u1ed1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i – r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo \u00f4ng Minh, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u01b0 SolarBK hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i nh\u01b0 cell pin v\u00e0 inverter v\u1eabn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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\u00d4ng K\u1ef3 Quang Minh, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SolarBK gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh BESS t\u1ea1i Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103m 2025 ng\u00e0y 18\/9. \u1ea2nh: Th\u00e1i Anh<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Theo Quy ho\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n VIII \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o 2030, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng 10.000-16.300 MW. \u0110\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn 2050, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00ean 95.983 – 96.120 MW \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng cao c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Theo ADB, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea7n 430 GW giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2023-2028. V\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, BESS l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Theo d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a McKinsey, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng BESS \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ecf ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Quy m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng BESS to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1eeb 120 \u0111\u1ebfn 150 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1i Anh<\/strong><\/p>\n


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